How desirable is the Just Transition at the COP21?

Post by Charlotte Billingham. FEPS Executive Advisor. This week’s blog from the COP21 will focus […]

07/12/2015

Post by Charlotte Billingham. FEPS Executive Advisor.

This week’s blog from the COP21 will focus on Just Transition and where the negotiations are at.

The COP21 needs to provide a fundamental change of pathway and essentially change many of our behaviours, whether it be lifestyle, the way business is done, the way we produce, or consume and the way we govern.

The Just Transition is a concept established by the Trade Unions originally and taken on board by many others in the Progressive movement. It encompasses various elements of a sustainable transition to decarbonisation. For the Trade Unions it importantly calls to put workers in first place and incorporates the social and employment rights dimension of the transition, it is interpreted more broadly to suggest consideration of the social dimension in all aspects of the path towards decarbonisation.

It offers a space to address inequalities and the economic and social side of the need for climate action and sustainable development. The objective is to represent a fair distribution of the costs and benefits across the economy and it rethinks our industrial policy and puts employment-employee and civil society policies and relations at the forefront.

Of course Europe needs a new kind of growth more than ever. There needs to be a transition towards a greener economy and it needs to be inclusive towards groups of societies, having them also participate in the dialogues of how this change should come about in order for it to work best for everyone.

The workshop FEPS (Foundation for European Progressive studies) organised on Wednesday as part of our Progressives for climate initiative together with the Fondation Jean Jaurès was highly attended, and received a lot of attention. It is also one of the important discussions as part of the COP21 negotiations. Yet it appears at time of writing, half-way through the negotiations that for many it does not seem to be all that desirable to include in the text.

As Anabella Rosemberg from the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) put it this week at our workshop; “A minority controls the resources and is consuming above the levels of sufficiency of our planet. We need to change the decision-making structures so they are more representative. Political structures need to also change to incorporate this if we are to have a true transition.”

The transition must have worthy objectives and must be exemplary in its processes. Justice and investment are examples of key factors in this.

The threat of the effects of rising temperatures and emissions represent many things which are functioning badly. Sanjeev Kumar from Change Partnerhip NGO, has been asking fundamental political questions on the winners and losers of climate change. He feels that a Just Transition provides the structure needed to change the political power base of fossil fuels in order to be able to decarbonise.

The draft text is now online and it does not feature there, whereas it does feature in the ‘bridging text’. Therefore it could stay in the preamble however not be specified in the operational part of the text.

The current wording is as follows:

“Taking into account the imperatives of equitable access to sustainable development, and a just transition of the workforce and the creation of decent work and quality jobs in accordance with nationally defined development priorities”.

This remains to be discussed this week and will depend ultimately on the French Presidency how much it will be allowed to be debated or not. We can be optimistic for the moment however it is not sure. A lot is still to play for this week even though it is vital in the final agreement.

Indeed Trade Union and other representatives have been busy holding meetings with key negotiators and ministers to try to make them understand the importance of this phrase and convince them to include it. They will of course make another push this week.

As Jan Willem Goudriaan from European Public Services Union expressed in a side-event on Friday 4th December, The paragraph on Just Transition is important because “it opens a window of change for another economic model which is important for the COP21 text”.

More importantly people need to be given the tools to be able to change. Research shows that more and more people consider climate change to be the biggest threat currently to our societies, consequently they need assisting in bringing this about. Just Transition is an important part of the next part of the climate fight to ensure that it has long-standing aims and objectives, that is why FEPS will be working on this after the COP21. It is a crucial part of the agreement in order to bring about the fundamental and desired change people are striving for.

Photo @COP21

This is the second of a series of posts that Charlotte Billingham will write from Paris during the COP 21. 

Read the first post: COP 21: ‘Put yourself in their shoes’ – Finding Solutions to Climate Change and Refugees

 

Network
Fondation Jean-Jaurès
Find all related publications
Publications
06/10/2026

Taking the temperature of the EU’s clean industry strategy

Competitiveness and resilience of heat pumps
01/10/2026

Four priorities for a worker-centred Quality Jobs Act

What the Nordic experience teaches Europe about regulating AI in the workplace
28/08/2026

How can Europe’s missing middle be financed

Translating Chinese lessons for scaling industrial innovation
14/08/2026

A just transition in the Mediterranean

Rebalancing the burdens and benefits of EU-North Africa energy cooperation
Find all related Progressive Post
Progressive Post
08/10/2026

The vote is harder to steal, but politics remains hard to change

Bosnia and Herzegovina's 2026 elections
08/10/2026

The missing engine of Europe’s renewal

Extending democracy to the workplace
Find all related news
News
16/09/2026

FEPS Reacts: State of the European Union 2026

The 2026 State of the Union felt more like ‘von der Leyen I’ than ‘von […]
23/07/2026

FEPS Reacts: European Commission communication on the Action Plan on the European Pillar of Social Rights

By Laszlo Andor, FEPS Secretary-General & François Balate, Policy Analyst on Social The communication on the […]
08/07/2026

Letter to Manfred Weber, Chair of the EPP Group, by FEPS President Nicolas Schmit 

Dear Mr Weber, You are European, but also German. One should be entitled to expect […]
23/06/2026

FEPS Reacts: 10 years after Brexit

Written by FEPS Secretary-General László Andor 🔸 Brexit has been a case study in national self-harm. The […]
Find all related in the media
In the media

La Regina, il problema dei divari territoriali è una questione europea

by Regione Basilicata 22/09/2026
“La Regina: territorial disparities are a European issue” News article published by ANSA (IT), featuring Raffaele La Regina, participant in the FEPS Young Academics Network, discussing territorial and social inequalities across Europe, the need to reconcile competitiveness and cohesion, and the role of European cohesion policy, industrial policy and investment in ensuring that no region is left behind.

Канадскиот гамбит на Фон дер Лајен

by Racin.mk 21/09/2026
“Von der Leyen’s Canadian gambit” Opinion article by László Andor, FEPS Secretary General, published in Racin.mk (MK), analysing the EU’s growing rapprochement with Canada, the shift from geopolitics towards geoeconomics, and the need for Europe to reduce its dependence on the US while strengthening multilateralism. Andor also examines the Commission’s economic and social priorities, highlighting the need for stronger attention to living costs, labour and social policy.

Biztonságpolitika? Az a NATO dolga – EU-s biztosok értékelték Ursula von der Leyen beszédét

by Telex 21/09/2026
“Security policy? That’s NATO’s job – former EU Commissioners assess Ursula von der Leyen’s speech”. Article published in Telex (HU), featuring László Andor, FEPS Secretary General, analysing Ursula von der Leyen’s State of the Union address and discussing Europe’s economic competitiveness, investment gap, strategic vulnerabilities, AI, migration and the EU’s changing geopolitical position.

EU’s new cross‑border work rules favour recruitment, not workers, say critics

by EUObserver 16/09/2026
FEPS Policy Analyst on Social François Balate discusses the latest EU Labour Mobility Package under Commissioner Roxana Mînzatu zatu for the EUObserver.