The transformation of the mainstream right and its impact on (social) democracy

Policy Study

In recent decades, the Western European political landscape has undergone profound changes. Much analysis has centred on a detailed examination of the decline of social democracy and the rise of far-right challenger parties. However, the development of mainstream right-wing parties has often received far less attention. Our study aims to fill this gap by examining whether centre-right parties in Western Europe are drifting to the (far) right and how the transformation of mainstream right parties impacts the broader political landscape and, particularly, (social) democracy. 

Using statistical analyses and detailed case studies of Germany, France, Austria, Poland, Spain and Sweden, we examine the evolving political positions of centre-right party families and compare them with the populist radical right and social democratic parties. We also analyse which party families are liked and disliked by citizens and how this impacts on their electoral ceiling and potential. 

The study concludes that while centre-right parties in Western Europe have so far largely maintained their commitment to liberal democratic institutions, the threat of adopting more radical agendas requires attention. In particular, the threat of centre-right and far-right party coalitions and their influence on the normalisation of illiberal and exclusionary discourses in Western Europe is significant. 

In navigating these challenges lies the untapped potential for social democratic forces, which maintain a positive image among voters despite the electoral decline, to expand their support base through compelling narratives and the inclusion of an increasingly diverse electorate. 

The results of the case study countries Germany and Austria are also available in German as separate FEPS Policy Studies. 

This policy study was presented on 18 April at FEPS HQ.